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Article 5ar:

 Gravitational field of a black hole or myths about dark matter.

There is not a single fact of dark matter existence!!!

Search for evidence of nonexistent dark matter lack is absurdly!!!

But, it is even more absurd and foolish – search for evidence of nonexistent dark matter existence!!!

The modern theoretical astrophysics is in the deadlock today. To break a scientific impasse, astrophysicists have to refuse from obsolete theories, then to analyze already collected scientifically research facts and to develop new theories.It is necessary not only find a mistake, but also to open the reason of this mistake and to find the correct solution of the considered task!!! Only in this way it is possible to save modern astrophysics. Instead of realization of such simple decision, modern astrophysicists invent scientific horror stories, and continue to wander in labyrinths of science fiction.

One of scientific mistakes of modern astrophysics is the theory of dark matter existence. There is no proof of dark matter existence!!! But modern astrophysicists keep searching for nonexistent dark matter.

Our task is search for evidence of dark matter lack, both into a black hole, and as a part of the galaxy.

If properly analyzed the structure of our galaxy – fig. №5.1, showed that it was the old elliptical galaxy, inside which was created the young spiral galaxy. The farther away from the galaxy center, the older gets stars, belonging to halo and a corona. The modern astrophysics explains stars movement in the galaxy with influence of nonexistent dark matter. But even this attempt of a juggling of obsolete theories as the modern research facts does not bring modern astrophysics out of the deadlock. Parameters (the movement, mass, age) of corona and halo stars differ from parameters of disk and spiral arms stars. The analysis of dark matter influence on the movement of stars, shows, that dark matter has an impact on one part of stars in the galaxy, and has no impact on other part of stars. And in this case, the theory about dark matter pushes modern astrophysics further into deadlock. The difference between parameters of halo stars and a corona, and parameters of a disk stars and spiral sleeves are due to very simply – a difference of birthplace. Stars of a corona and halo were born in the center of the galaxy, at its core (around a huge black hole), in the elliptic galaxy. At the birth, these stars have received impulse, directed to distance from the center (to expansion) of the galaxy. Moving away from the galaxy center and getting older, these stars are forming a halo and a corona. In the evolution of the elliptical galaxy, the area of the low gas pressure is formed at its central part.

Vortex gas flows are formed around this central area of the low gas pressure. In these vortex gas flows, stars are born, with parameters, different from parameters of the stars, which are born in the galaxy center. Parameters of vortex gas flows are transferred by these stars at the birth. They form a disk and arms, forming the spiral galaxy, in the old elliptic galaxy. Such way of evolution, explains the structure of galaxies and processes, happening there.

The modern astrophysics claims, that there is a huge mass of matter (dark matter) in the galaxy center, in a black hole, which is not possible to find, because it is dark.

This matter has no chemical composition. Gravitation of this huge dark matter mass is the reason of movement of gas flow and stars in the galaxy. This theory of dark matter existence, reminds the fairy tale “The naked king” by Andersen, somebody who does not see the king’s clothes is the fool.

If there is a huge mass of dark matter in a black hole, in the center of the galaxy, then there has to be also a gravitational influence on the objects, located in the galaxy.

Is there gravitational influence of a black hole on gas flow and stars in the galaxy?

For physicists – theorists, the main existence proof of huge mass and huge gravitational field at a black hole is the fact of the movement of gas masses and dust to the center of a black hole (fig. №5.2).  Considering only one fact “gas flow to a black hole”, it was found the conclusion of bigger gravitational field presence at a black hole.

But a huge number of other information of a black hole had been disregarded. And the main fact, disproving presence of huge gravitational field at a black hole is the fact of galaxies expansion. That is, the movement of stars in the galaxy directed to distance from the center of the galaxy and from its black hole is the direct proof of huge gravitational field lack at a black hole (fig. №5.3).

Let’s consider more closely at proofs of strong gravitational field lack and huge mass of matter (dark) at the black hole, located in the center of the galaxy.

Therefore, stars in galaxies should have the direction of the movement to the galaxy center (to a black hole), and the galaxy would have not extend, but rather contract!!!

What really occurs in galaxies?

Really, in galaxies, stars with a large mass and with strong gravitation move away from a black hole and from the center of the galaxy, and hydrogen atoms, with 1057 times less gravitation force, move to the center of the galaxy, to a black hole (fig. №5.4.)

That is absurdity!!!

Objects with a strong gravity are moved away, and objects with less or rather with insignificant gravity are get close, that is not possible and contradicts to physics laws.

Such movement of stars is possible only on condition of strong gravitational field lack in the galaxy center. That is, lack of matter huge mass in the black hole, located in the center of the galaxy. Visual researching confirms our conclusions. In observing outer space areas, in the locations of black holes, congestions of huge matter mass are not found.

Suppose the huge mass of matter really exists in the galaxy center, in a black hole. At the birth of stars in the galaxy center, young stars receive an impulse, as a result of dynamic processes. Affect and the movement of this impulse are directed to moving away of stars from the galaxy center. In this case, the movement of stars directed to moving away from the galaxy center should slow down, under the influence of gravitational field of a black hole.After the stars movement is slow down to zero, the direction of their movement has to change of the movement in reverse side. And stars of all isophot, under the influence of gravitational field of a black hole, have to begin the movement to the center of the galaxy, that is, in the opposite direction.

On receiving two stars of the identical impulses, directed to galaxy expansion, the star with a smaller mass and higher speed, pass more way, towards expansion of the galaxy, than a star with a greater mass and lower speed. The more the objects mass, participating in gravitational interaction, the more gravity value (gravitational force) between them. Therefore, if the stars, which are born in the galaxy center, receive an impulse tomove away from the center (to galaxyexpansion), then action of strong gravitational field has to obstruct this expansion. That is, in the beginning, the stars movement is directed to move away from the center of the galaxy.

Under the influence of a black hole gravitational field, the direction of the stars movement has to change on the movement in the opposite direction. In this case, the stars movement to the galaxy center has to be with acceleration. And at approach of stars to the galaxy center, their speed value has to be the equal star speed, received at the birth, but in the opposite direction.

If we project such stars movement in the galaxy, on each isophot, then we will receive a view of the galaxy, absolutely incongruent with views of the existing galaxies. In the predicted galaxy, young stars should have the movement directions on the galaxy expansion, and old stars, should have the movement directions on compression of the same galaxy. Really, in star scale, we can see only expansion of galaxies. It proves lack of strong gravitational field in a black hole in the galaxies center. Therefore, we found that there is no strong gravitational field in galaxy the center, in a black hole and there is no huge mass of matter (and dark matter too), which could create this gravitational field. The fact of galaxies expansion on the stars scale is the direct evidence of lack of huge mass of matter in the black holes, located in the galactic centers.

If there is no gravitational field in the galaxies center, then where gas moves in galaxies and why? Gas in galaxies moves to the black holes, located in the centers of galaxies.

Why???

Is it possible an action of other forces and not gravitation???

It is possible!!! And it is forces, which are created by gas pressure difference in outer space.

For processes understanding, happening in outer space we have to understand, what outer space is.

Space is infinite (for the person) space, filled with gas (hydrogen) and dust. In outer space, space objects are born, move, change and collapse. All these objects are created of hydrogen, gas which fills space.

Therefore, space is filled with the gas atmosphere. The atmosphere of Earth is also the gas atmosphere. Why is there a gas (air) movement in the atmosphere? If as in the outer space, to project the astrophysicists answer to this simple question, then we have to receive absolutely mad answer: “The air movement in the Earth atmosphere happens because of Earth gravitation, created by dark matter, located in the atmosphere. But because this matter is dark, so it is not visible. And dark matter has no chemical composition! – Why? – Because! Because it is dark!”.  Such answer, of course is worthy of a Nobel Prize!!! Matter exists, but it has no chemical composition!!!

PHYSICS – THE 21ST CENTURY!?

But… let’s return to real physics of gas space. Is it possible to compare processes in outer space and processes in the Earth atmosphere? Yes, it is possible, if we consider the existing features and difference of space and the Earth atmosphere. Outer space and the Earth atmosphere are the space volumes, filled with gas. Therefore, gas processes, in outer space, can be predicted, simulated and investigated on gas processes, in the Earth atmosphere. What makes to move gas masses in the Earth atmosphere??? Gas masses in the Earth atmosphere make to move the physical processes, occur on Earth: temperature increase, temperature decrease, earth’s crust movement, the water movement, Earth’s rotation, energy receiving from the Sun, the movement of the Moon and other physical processes. What makes to move gas masses in space? Gas masses in outer space, makes to move the physical processes, occur in space. The temperature increase, the temperature decrease, nuclear explosions, space tornadoes, physical processes, creating gas pressure difference in outer space. Gas pressure difference in space is also the reason of existence of gas flows in space.

The black hole, neutron star, the white dwarf are in zones of the low pressure, in vacuum zones, relatively gas pressure of the space, surrounding them. Creation of an accretionary disk, around space objects, additionally, creates the suction effect. This suction effect increases gas pressure difference and gas flows in outer space.

In the first part of this article we proved impossibility of gravitational field existence in the galaxy center and in a black hole, because there is no gravitation impact on stars in the galaxy. That is, gravitation of a black hole does not influence on the movement of stars in the galaxy, because the black hole has no (strong) gravitational field. Why gas flows have no impact on the movement of stars in the galaxy? Let’s consider the movement of a star in the space gas flow in more detail.

For understanding of the stars movement physics in the gas environment of outer space, we will consider the movement of a body in water of (fig. №5.5).

Fig. №5.5 shows the movement of a body in water. At such movement, water offers resistance to the body movement. The scheme of the body movement in air bubble is used to reduce water resistance (fig. №5.6). Gas under pressure is supplied, ahead of the body moving in water. Gas pushes waterunder pressure, before a moving body, and surrounds this body. The body moves in a gas bubble. Resistance of water takes an air bubble. The body speed, surrounded with a gas bubble in water, increases several times. Power influence of water flow does not impact on a moving body, but impact on a gas bubble, which surrounds this body. Under power influence of water flow, the gas bubble is deformed. Let’s pass to consideration of the star movement in a gas flow in outer space. The last researches shows, that there is a heliosphere around a star, formed by the radiation, coming from a star surface, by star wind. The star heliosphere is also a gas-plasma bubble, an analog of a gas bubble, at the movement of the body under water, considered by us (fig. №5.6). The star moves in a gas flow, which surrounds it in space. The star heliosphere or the gas-plasma bubble, surrounding a startakes all power influence of this gas flow. The star heliosphere is deformed under the influence of a gas flow, but no power resistance to the star movement from a gas flow (fig. № 5.7).The heliosphere of a star protects a star from external influences. While star wind is capable to constrain a space gas flow, the star moves without obstacles. That is, the star movement in space depends on a ratio of star wind parameters and parameters of a gas flow. If parameters of star wind (density, specific weight, speed, temperature, a specific impulse) exceed or counterbalance parameters of a gas flow in places of their meeting, then the gas flow does not influence on the star movement. If parameters of a gas flow, in which the star moves, exceed parameters of a heliosphere and star wind, then occurs a heliosphere deformation. And in case of light star breeze at old stars, plasma cover breakdown (an active Zone) and gas-plasma mixture is possible. Analyzing deformation of a star heliosphere, it is possible to analyze parameters of a star and the gas flow surrounding it.

Consider the red giantabsorption by a black hole, by the case of NASA simulation movie (figure№ 4.1–A). This NASA simulation movieis the key to many mysteries of physical processes in outer space. This movie opens secrets of physical processes, accompanying star destruction and its absorption by a black hole, under influence of gas flow, the moving to a black hole. The movie of NASA discloses a black hole structure as space tornado, and proves lack of strong gravitation at a black hole, therefore, lack of dark matter existence. This movie also opens conditions secrets of thermonuclear flashes of supernew stars.

In the black holes area and neutron stars, gas flows reach high parameters, and they are capable not only to deform a star heliosphere, but also to break a plasma star shell, involving its gas-plasma mixture into a flow. The plasma star shell and gas-plasma mixture with the centers of thermonuclear synthesis are involved in a gas flow of outer space. Fresh hydrogen comes to the centers of nuclear reactions with a gas flow. That is, high-energy fuel comes to the centers of nuclear reactions (thermonuclear synthesis and heavy-nuclei fission), which is entering thermonuclear synthesis. There is a thermonuclear flash of hydrogen in a gas flow (fig. №5.8 (3-4-5)). Similar thermonuclear flashes are observed at flashes of supernew stars.

Probability of such star absorption by black hole depends on many factors: the sizes of a black hole, the distance between a black hole and a star, a mutual positioning, from age of a star. The older a star, the parameters of star wind are lower, the weaker heliosphere, which protects a star from destructive influences of a gas flow in outer space. The simulation movie of NASA, about the red giant absorption by a black hole, confirms results of our researches.

Conclusions:

Expansion and the galaxies structure excludes influence of the black hole gravitation, located at its center. The lack of gravitation at a black hole, excludes existence of unclear dark matter. The black hole is a tornado of the space sizes. This tornado absorbs gas from outer space and release back in star space, created from collected gas. The black hole, located in the galaxy center is the mechanism of existence and development of the galaxy. Evolution of the galaxy is an evolution of a black hole at its center.

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