Physics of black holes
Copyright © 2010 by Stanislav Kozlov
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At the maximal radius, the share of the centrifugal force is minimal as well as the obstacle to absorption force, from its direction, is minimal too. That means, at the minimal radius of «the accretion disk», the minimal linear speed and the minimal absorption force, the share of the centrifugal force is maximal, as well as its direction coincides with the direction of absorption force. At the maximal radius, the linear speed is maximal, and the centrifugal force works against the absorption force, but its share is minimal. The preservation of identical angular speed along all the radius of «the accretion disk» is improbable, hence, it is possible to consider that at the minimal radius, the centrifugal force is maximal, and at the maximal radius it is minimal. That means, at the maximal value, the centrifugal force helps the absorption force, and at the minimal values, when its action is insignificant, it interferes with the absorption force.
So, «the accretion disk» soaks up into itself gas and dust from a space, increasing the weight, the density, the temperature and the potential of the electric field. The process of absorption goes until the moment of saturating «the accretion disk» with matter. Probably, there is density of «accretion disk’s» saturation.
What influence renders the change of an electric field on the physical parameters of «the accretion disk» and the processes going in it, we do not know. Proceeding from the law of «electromagnetic self-induction», it is probable to assume, that the change of parameters of the electric field, rises currents in «the accretion disk». The value of the parameters of these raised currents can be directed, on an obstacle of parameters change of an electric field. Since the increase in gas and dust weight and in «the accretion disk», should conduct to potentially increase the electric field, hence, there should be the currents interfering this increase in it.
But this law operates for explorers of the electric current. Whether can be «the accretion disk» such explorer? – It is unknown.
Whether the laws of the electromagnetic induction operate in this case? – It is unknown.
Probably, the x-ray radiation from «the black hole» is a result of braking electrons or matters in «the accretion disk».
If in «the accretion disk» there are currents of a self-induction, they should interfere with, or help to the movement of particles. Probably, the currents of self-induction will break the moving particles of «the accretion disk». These braking electrons can be a source of an x-ray radiation. Probably, the following chain of events is possible: «the accretion disk» soaks up gas and dust from space. The increase of «accretion disk’s» weight conducts to an increase in the quantity of particles rotating around its axis, and this may change the value of the current of self-induction. Under the law of self-induction, the change of a current in the inductive coil conducts to a change of the electric field, whose action is directed to a restoration of the initial value. But, this is a hypothesis which has to be checked experimentally.
If this is right, the x-ray radiation enables us to define the parameters change of «the accretion disk». That means, with what speed «the accretion disk» soaks up the matter. By soaking up gas and dust, «the accretion disk» increases the weight, the density, the pressure and the temperature, which is important for the beginning of thermonuclear reaction. In case of small «black holes», the thermonuclear synthesis that has begun compresses the matter of «the accretion disk» into a star. In case of galactic «black holes», «the accretion disk» is broken off on a group of stars.
Let’s consider the developments (increases) in «the black hole», as a vacuum area of great volumes that can be compared to the volumes of galaxies. Using an example of transiting an elliptic galaxy into a spiral galaxy.
As an initial object for the analysis we take an elliptic galaxy which increases the sizes, during its life.
What processes occur in an elliptic galaxy?
The analysis of processes occurring in galaxies is presented in a more detailed fashion in the section «Galaxies and the Universe». In the center of an elliptic galaxy there is «a black hole» with «accretion disk», they are the main mechanism, or the engine of all the processes occurring in a galaxy. This «black hole» and «accretion disk» are sucking in gas and dust from the surrounding space, creating a vacuum area around «the black hole» and «the accretion disk».
When achieving a certain parameters of gas, temperatures, pressure and density, under the action of dynamic processes, a thermonuclear synthesis begins in «the accretion disk». The gas collected from «the black hole» to «the accretion disk» is packed into stars, which under the action of dynamic processes are thrown out in different directions. What really occurs in the volume of «the black hole» with «the accretion disk» – meanwhile, we do not know precisely. In the center of the galaxy there is a vacuum area concerning the environment. That means, because of the existence of «a black hole», there is a gathering of gas and dust in the center of the elliptic galaxy, packing of this gas and dust into stars and an emission of these stars into space. As a result, in the center of an elliptic galaxy the vacuum area is formed again, it supports the existence of «the black hole» in the center of the elliptic galaxy. Scattering in the different directions, the stars are surrounded by hemisphere, which interfere with the penetration of gas from a surrounding space into the center of the elliptic galaxy. Eventually, the process of gathering gas into the center to the elliptic galaxy, its packing into stars and the emission of stars is being repeated. As a result of the recurrence of such processes, the spherical part of the elliptic galaxy is formed, at a spiral galaxy it refers to – «bulge». In this spherical part of the elliptic and spiral galaxies, the density of the gas is very low, and the scattering stars with their heliosphire, are heating up the internal gas of the galaxy and interfere with the fast filling of the vacuum area. The vacuum area increases in the spherical part of the elliptic galaxy, hence, the «bulge» also increases itself. Leaving from the center of the elliptic galaxy, a star grows old, and the distance between the next on isopods stars increases. In the volume of «the bulge», a low concentration of gas and dust concerning a surrounding space. That means, concerning the pressure of the surrounding space environment, inside «the bulge» there is a vacuum which soaks up gas and dust from the surrounding space.
At the gas and dust absorption into the vacuum volume, a gas funnel is formed, a whirlwind or the tornado of huge sizes, for «the black hole» it is «the accretion disk». Hence, during the filling of volume with vacuum in «the bulge» as well, it should be formed similar to the gas funnel or a whirlwind of huge sizes, reminding «the accretion disk» around «the black hole». Where is this disk in galaxies conditions? At the formation of a gas disk around the elliptic galaxy turn the galaxy from elliptic into a spiral galaxy. And the galactic disk with sleeves or without them is the prototype of «the accretion disk» nearby «the black hole». That means, «the accretion disk» and the galaxies disks have the identical physics and nature. Their distinctions are only in their sizes.
Observing and analyzing the processes occurring in the galaxies disks, it is possible to analyze the processes occurring in «the accretion disk» of «a black hole». That means, the disk of the galaxy is «a accretion disk» of an expanded vacuum area. Star-formation in the galactic disk is probably possible to project these processes on the processes of star-formation in «the accretion disk».
As a result of which physical processes formed the stars in galaxies disks?
Probably, at the movement of the gas inside of a galaxy disk, there are turbulences of gas streams which lead to a formation of «a black hole», and after that to the birth of stars.
Probably, at the movement of the gas stream clots of matter are created, and under the action of dynamic processes, a thermonuclear synthesis begins. Probably, the source of dynamic processes which result the birth of stars in galaxies disks and their sleeves, are the dynamic processes in the center of a galaxy (in the center of «the bulge», in «the black hole») at the moment of birth and emission of stars. Other variants are possible as well. Exact answers can be given only after gathering the information, and analyzing it.
Let’s consider another possible variant of succession of events.
The process of gas absorption is not stationary, and it doesn’t goes with constant speed, in process of saturating «the accretion disk», around «the black hole», the process of absorption should be slowed down (actually, acceleration is possible also). But, regardless the decrease in the force absorbing gas from space continues the movement, by inertia. Probably, during this movement it is necessary also to consider an electromagnetic field of «the accretion disk» and the galaxy disk since, during the change of parameters of the field currents of self-induction which are directed on the parameters maintenance of this field are created.